Improvement in steam and other boilers



ssn f sn u. s. THAGKER. ee s "e Steam and other Boilers. No. 222,429. Patented Dec. 9, 1879.

3 Sheets-Sheet 2. S. THACKER. Ste'am and other Boilers. No. 222,429. Patented Dec. 9, 1879.

3 Sheets-Sheet .3.

S. TRACKER.

Steam and other Boilers. No, 222,429. Patented Dec. 9, 1879.

reference.

grate. jot' Fig. 6, which latter is alongitudinal section UN tra n@ Pfarr-Enr Ormea'.

SAMUEL TRACKER, OF NOTTINGHAM,

COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM, ENGLAND.

IMPROVEMENT IN STEAM' AND OTHl-ER BOIL ERS.

Specification formingpart offLetters-Patent No. 222.429. dated December' 9, 1879; application led i J illy-.21,- l18795 :patented in England, August 23, 1878,.

` To all whom t may concern:

Beit known that I, SAMUEL .THACKERof A the town and 4county of Nottingham, Engcompanying drawings.V

The invention has for its object improvements in steamland other boilers, whereby peri tec tcomhustion is obtained, and,.consequentl y, nosmokeis allowed to escape fromthefurnace.

The invention is fullydescriloed with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which likeparts are marked with similar letters of Figure 1 is avertical section. Fig.2.is a

`horizontal section on the line L l ofv Fig.v 1.

Fig. 3 is a partial verticalA section on vtheline `2 ZofiFig. 1, representiiig` an upright boiler constructed `according tomy invention. Fig. 14 is a partial vertical section .representing my improved` boiler witha .different construction `of Fig. 5 is across-section on the line 3 3 ofa horizon tal boiler with my invention applied thereto. e

Upright boilers constructed according to my invention may be of circulansection, with a square or rectangular fire-box;` but I preferably "construct them rectangular or square through- {out, as represented in the accompanying drawings at Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive.

The boiler is formed with an outer shell, a, and an inner shell, b, secured and riveted together, as represented in the drawings, or in other convenient and ei'ectual manner. ArIhe inner shell, b, terminates with a suitablyshaped lire-hole, c', atthe topof the boiler,

`which I ordinarily leave open, as shown, but `which may be provided with any suitable door vor cover capable of admitting air to the lire,

as may be found desirable. The boiler is also `fitted with apertures and air-tight doors, one

(marked d) being placed immediately above the grate to facilitate the cleaning out of the tire, the other (marked e) being placed at the i bottom of the boiler, for the purpose of enabling t-he ashes to be removed when required. A diaphragm, j',.made in the form of a flat tube,runs transversely across the inner shell,

1)., This diaphragm is so constructed as to leave an internal water-space, whereby the heating-,surface of the boiler is greatly increased. It is well stayed with copper rivets or stays,- as will be well understood.

Brass, or other` water-tubes g run across the inside shell, thereby connecting the Waterspaces .on opposite sides of the boiler together, thereby greatly extending the heating-surtac of the boiler. The tubes gare screwed at one ,end and put. .through clear-holes in the outer shell. They are then screwed into one side of ,the inner shelland expanded to tit steam-tight into the oppositeside of the inner shell. The hole in the outershell is tapped to receive a ,screw-plug, h. These plugs h have to be withdrawn to clean out the tubes, and to remove and replacelthem for renewal or repair.

In thearrangement represented at Figs. 1, 2, and 3, the grate or tire-bars are formed of Water-tubes i, which are reduced at one end to leave sufficient strength of boiler-plate between them, or they may be of equal diameter throughout and thick boilerplates used. These tubes QI are passed through holes afterward closed with other screw-plugs, h, and are screwed into the inner shell of the boiler at the .one end, and are expanded to tit steamtight at the opposite end, and they are inclined tothe horizontal tofacilitate circulation of the water therethrough.

Immediately over and resting on the tubes i are placed loose 0r movable bars of metal or fire-brick to protect the water-tube bars against accident when raking ont the lire and against the extreme heat of the latter. The lire-bars z" are in a suitable position above the diaphragm-plate, and at or near the top of the water in the boiler.

The uptake or llue for taking away themproducts of combustion is placed on the opposite side of the diaphragm to that on which the products of combustion first act.

In the arrangement represented at Fig. 4, the grate shown is formed of a water-chamber, j, communicating by tubes j with the waterspaces between the shells a b of the boiler, and I pass tubes jz vertically through such hollow furnace-bottom j to allow the products of combustion to pass therethrough. These tubes j'z I prefer to form taper and to tix the smaller end at the top, so as to facilitate the passage and clearance away therefrom of any cinders or clinkers which may pass into the same.

Immediately above the tire bars or grate, and at various distances below the same, are placed short tubes k, all of which communicate with the outer atmosphere, while those above the lire-grate conduct air to the fire, and those below conduct air to the ame and products of combustion below the grate to insure perfeet combustion.

The boiler may be set upon a bed-plate or upon masonry', as desired.

The action of boilers, such as those represented at Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, is as follows: The space below the grate is divided into two chambers by the diaphragm. The fire is made on the fire bars or grate, and the lower chamber beingin connection with the chimney, a current of air would be immediately caused to descend through the fuel. rlhe heat and products of combustion would pass downward round and across some of the tubes g, and would play on the sides ofthe inner shell, b, and on one side ofthe diaphragm. They would then turn round the bottom end of the diaphragm, and would rise to and pass away by the outlet a', as indicated by the arrows, and in doing so would act upon the second side of the diaphragm, as also upon other of the tubes gand upon the sides of the inner shell7 b.

In applying my invention to horizontal Lancashire, Cornish, or tubular boilers, and as represented at Figs. 5 and 6, which are. respectively, a cross-section and a longitudinal section of a horizontal boiler constructed according to my invention, I place the tire-grate in a vertical rectangular or square tire-box, l, and the dame and products of combustion pass downward between the firebars i', or through the hollow grate j, as the case may be, and along a flue, m, formed within the body ot' the boiler, and extending to, or nearly to, the opposite end thereof, and then returning to the front or furnace end of the boiler, where the products of combustion pass away through the outlet-aperture .fr into the exterior ue, which maybe carried along the sides and underneath the boiler. A water-space or diaphragm, j', divides the two parts of the flue m, an d water-tubes n, passing through or across the liuc m, connect the water-spaces above and below the flue m with the central divisional water-space or diaphragm, f, thereby assisting circulation ot' the water and the absorption of heat from the products ot' combustion as the latter pass across and around the tubes u in their passage through the flue m.

The flue m is formed ot' the shell b and the sides of the central divisional water-space, f; and I would remark that the fille m may, if desired, be extended so as to return again to the rear end of the boiler, and, it' desired, back again, suitable water-Spaces or diaphragm'sj' being employed, as required, suitable internal supports in such cases being employed to secure the dues m in position.

In boilers constructed according to my invention ignition takes place, as usual, above the grate; but the products ot combustion, instead ot passing away, as heretofore, either Vupward or along the length of the furnace, are

caused to pass downward through theintense heat ot' the fire, whereby complete combustion is effected.

Having thus described the nature oi my said invention, and the mode in which I carry the same into eiect, I would have it understood that what I claim is- A boiler having inner and outer shells, vertical ire hole or box, hollow grateibars, aper- 

